Thursday, September 3, 2020

Relation between The Bell Curve and Racial Genetics essays

Connection between The Bell Curve and Racial Genetics papers While strolling the way of life, voyagers must ask themselves whether they were predetermine to walk a predefined course laid before them, or if their environmental factors subliminally direct them liberated from destiny. Fate is an intriguing idea; it is foreordained at this point ordinarily it can't be demonstrated or anticipated. Notwithstanding, different utilizations of destiny can be anticipated. One such thought that applies this feeling of destiny is The Bell Curve. The contention of The Bell Curve recommends that relying on the race of an individual they are inclined to having either a lower than normal or higher than normal Intelligence Quotient otherwise called I.Q. This Intelligence Quotient demonstrates an individual's psychological capacities comparative with others of the equivalent or diverse ethnicity and comparative age gathering. Everybody has several particular mental capacities, whenever estimated precisely can be utilized as dependable indicators of scholarly an d monetary achievement. In America today, you are greatly improved off knowing a kid's I.Q. score than her folks' pay or training in the event that you need to anticipate whether she will drop out of secondary school. as indicated by Race, Genes and I.Q, an Apologia article. The idea that I.Q. scores are influenced by race and ethnicity is profoundly upheld. Be that as it may, ethnic contrasts in estimated psychological capacity have been found since insight tests were created. The fight over the significance of these distinctions is to a great extent answerable for the present debate over knowledge testing itself. (Herrnstein and Murray, 1994) The proposal that race and ethnicity decides I.Q scores profoundly challenged all through the science network. There are innumerable online web journals, banter meetings, and powerful works that have handled this subject head on. They restrict The Bell Curve because of its supremacist roots and counter those convictions with their own hypothesis of how I.Q. is created. Indeed, even right up 'til the present time individuals are as yet questioning the conc... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Marketing in the digital age-Kodak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising in the advanced age-Kodak - Essay Example It was uniquely in the year 1892 that the organization was renamed as Eastman Kodak Company of New York, just to be framed again under the New Jersey law as Eastman Kodak Company of New Jersey. Kodak extended its activity and developed steadily by its minimal effort large scale manufacturing idea, worldwide conveyance, broad promoting and client driven business arrangement. The underlying long periods of the organization was devoted to the creation and gracefully of minimal effort photography apparatuses and make it accessible to the ordinary citizens. It was not some time before the organization comprehended the genuine capability of the world market. In light of this reality the organization extended its activity to rest of USA, just to be trailed by advertising in France, Germany, Italy and other European nations. Starting today, Kodak has extended its assembling tasks in South America, Europe and Asia. Kodak has incredible presentation and prevalence in the film business too. The majority of the motion pictures are shot in Kodak film and the organization has gotten 8 Academy Awards for logical and specialized greatness. Throughout the years particularly in the mid 1900s Kodak made parcel of specialized headway in the realm of photography. Kodak Developing Machine was presented, which helped in preparing films without a dull room. It likewise presented the Non-Curling film, which has ruled the universe of novice photography for over 30 years. Airborne cameras were created by Kodak, which was widely utilized during the World War 1. Alongside the specialized improvement the organization was likewise doing great monetarily, with its overall work crossing the figure of 20,000. The hunger for advancement in the field of photography and its extras was ceaseless for Kodak. The organization continued presenting new innovation and items both for the purchasers, the movie business and for business use. It was in

Friday, August 21, 2020

Poverty in the U.S Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Destitution in the U.S - Research Paper Example Above all else, let us see how destitution has ascended in the U.S. what's more, how it influences poor people. Seccombe (384-393) affirms that neediness can be characterized as having a deficient salary that can make a family stay â€Å"below the destitution line†. In the United States, destitution is solidly characterized in dollar figures by the Social Security Administration. By deciding the measure of cash expected to make due on nourishment, and afterward duplicating that number by three, the Social Security Administration sets the destitution line. For instance, if the SSA concluded that the measure of cash expected to continue a survivable eating routine during a year was $4,000, at that point it would set the destitution line at $12,000. Consequently, any people whose salary was not as much as this sum for a year would be viewed as living in neediness. As indicated by Flik and Praag (311-330), neediness line is fundamental for figuring out who gets government assistan ce benefits in U.S. Destitution doesn't appear to be an equally appropriated social issue. In America, African Americans and Latinos have, by a long shot, the biggest neediness rate. Numerous variables, for example, poor wages for ladies and the expansion of single-lady parented families have caused an expansion in the level of ladies among poor people. old, in any case, fill an a lot littler rate as they get benefits as government disability. Macionis (216) inferred that in 2003, the administration arranged 12.5 percent of the U.S. populace as poor, which makes 35.9 million of men, ladies and kids. Research recommends that the home condition adds to neediness on the grounds that most homes that look in deterioration imply that the family living inside probably won't have the salary to fix things. At the point when a family is in the neediness zone they feel awful and deficient, which can make them reluctant to request help (Brooks-Gunn and Duncan). This can be destructive to kids s ince they don't have a state when the grown-ups need assistance. Destitution is a cruel and merciless path for youngsters to live. It shows in physical, passionate and social ways. Devastated kids have social, enthusiastic and conduct issues because of unexpected weakness and genuine emotional well-being issues coming from the determined neediness level in which they live. Genuine medical issues accompany destitution, for example, preventable ailments like Influenza, Measles, ailing health and AIDS because of absence of appropriate medicinal services. Open help offered in many states doesn't cover all that the poor youngsters need to carry on with an ordinary way of life. Presently, we depict how destitution is gainful for the rich of the general public in spite of its negative results identified with poor people. As per the humanist, Herbert Gans (20-24), occupations and callings like criminology, social work, news coverage, and general wellbeing exist with the assistance of presen ce of destitution. Gans has recorded complex elements of neediness that are valuable to the rich of the general public. The grimy work in the general public completes the assistance of the poor who work at low wages and disgusting compensations. The poor assistance in financing the economy since they cover charges, purchase modest items and go for minimal effort benefits that are simply overlooked by the well off network. The presence of neediness goes about as an assurance for the rich people’s status, supposing that there would be no poor, there would be no recognizable proof left for the rich. The rich individuals offer foundation to poor people

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Analysis Of Cancion Protest Protest Songs Of Latin America

Ethnographic CD Review: Cancion Protesta During the 20th century, Cuba was economically weakened and civilians began protesting the governments corruption. Once Fidel Castro’s Communist intentions came to light, many residents fled the country, only to find out that they would no longer be allowed back in the country regardless of their origin, in consequence for betraying Castro. Protests rose during this time and musicians began using their talents to voice their opinions. The CD I will be focusing on is Cancion Protesta: Protest Songs of Latin America, produced by Barbara Dane. The production of this CD, which was focused on the historic protests, began in 1927 and it was published by Paredon Records in 1970. The CD’s field of interest†¦show more content†¦It sounds like a poet is expressing himself to a crowd, which you can hear in the background with noises of laughter or agreement to the poet’s words. At 20:21 minutes in the CD the crowd starts cla pping in awe of the poem and the track ends. Hasta Siempre, Comandante (Song for Che Guevara) is track six on the CD, it starts off with a slow tempo and soft voices in the background, almost as if you were outside, around a group of older men. It then accelerates to a type of tone that hints off a sad scenario in the lyrics. You can hear a membranophone in the background alongside a chordophone. The song La OEA, Me Causa Risa (The OAS Makes Me Laugh) has the vocalists literally laugh to the beat which sounds happy and up-beat. I hear an idiophone and a chordophone. At the end of the song the men laugh outside of the tempo and in a way that frightens a little bit. The song on track eight is named Coplas del Pajarito (The Little Bird’s Complaint), and it starts of by gradually speeding up the tempo. You can hear the song speed up between each stroke made on the chordophone being used. The singer sounds nasally with a quick vibrato in his voice at the end of certain words. The song Porque los Pobres no Tienen (Because the Poor Have Nothing) there is a woman singing with a warm voice along to a slow tempo. There is thump in the background, which means there is an idiophone being used alongside a guitar. The song Me Gustan los Estudiantes (I Love the Students) has a very clear

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Pick Up A Book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

If the world were perfect, the average Joe would read voraciously- in his free time, waiting for the light rail, while riding shotgun in the car or even in the tub. Unfortunately, this isn’t the case. People are changing the way they spend their free time. They are trading their books for the television and Wi-Fi. Every day the amount of time spent reading is decreased and people are spending all of their free time on their electronics. You should read because it’s one of life’s leisure’s that can improve your knowledge, make you a better person, and expand your imagination. If you’ve ever dreamed of an abundance of knowledge, look no further because reading can grant you a life full of knowledge. A handful of my closest girlfriends wouldn’t be caught dead with a publication other than Cosmopolitan. They have great personalities and are overall great people but, none of them are the type of smart that could pull off a bank robbery. The lack of reading can influence this assumption. With this anecdotal evidence, I can conclude that I can bump into a group of women and figure out within minutes which set of ladies picks up a paperback instead of a magazine before bed. Not only does reading improve your knowledge, but it lets you in on the joke. I can state numerous situations where someone has quoted a novel I haven’t read and I stood there dumbfounded. Most expressions people say stem from a book or an idea that was rooted within one. Consider how you may make yourself aShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Illusion And Reality In The Great Gatsby1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference between reality and illusion? Fitzgerald shows this with the character Jay Gatsby. It can be hard to tell the difference between illusion and reality because we are so numb to it. Reality television is an ironic name for something so False it is not even close to the everyday life of a normal American, so from the day we’re old enough to watch tv we are exposed to illusion. The title â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is an accurate title for this book because it depicts Gatsby correctly; Magicians are viewedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel Great Gatsby and the short poem America go great together both describing their views on America during this crazy time period of change. Great Gatsby was written by a man named F Scott Fitzgerald he wrote this book in 1925 during Great gatsby was written by a man named F Scott Fitzgerald he wrote this book in 1925 during the times when the A merican dream was the same for everyone.The 1920’s were the age of miracles Fitzgerald had said: it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, andRead MoreDestruction of Dreams, Failure of Dreamers in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1489 Words   |  6 Pages Jay Gatsby, the protagonist of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, is used to contrast a real American dreamer against what had become of American society during the 1920s.   By magnifying the tragic fate of dreamers, conveying that twenties America lacked the substance to fulfill dreams and exposing the shallowness of Jazz-Age Americans, Fitzgerald foreshadows the destruction of his own generation. The beauty and splendor of Gatsbys parties masked the innate corruption within theRead MoreAffairs, Nick, and Gatsby in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1255 Words   |  6 Pagesnarrative reader in The Great Gatsby. Gatz was a poor person that changes his name to Gatsby. Tom was a cheater and was unfaithful to Daisy. Daisy was a flirt and rich. Myrtle is a poor women that lived over her and her husband’s garage shop. Myrtle would let Tom push her around because he was a rich man that would let Myrtle forget that she was poor. â€Å"She never loved you, do you hear he cried. She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me (Fitzgerald 139)†. Tom is marriedRead MoreEssay about Narrative Structure in the Great Gatsby745 Words   |  3 Pagesn the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, there is a definitive line in the narrative structure of this work. While reading this novel, one can follow the events from start to finish without having to do much guess-work in between. Fitzgerald shows exposition in the beginning of the novel by explaining the key characters and the setting of the book as well as the point of view and narration; and very early on, we learn of his distaste of a fellow character. The rising action of the novelRead MoreEssay On The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1652 Words   |  7 PagesDream is also used in the two novels, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller. Both of the main characters in these novels had a specific dream and they based their entire lives off of these dreams. The main characters from each novel, Gatsby and Willy, spend their entire lives fighting to achieve their goals and struggle with a multitude of different issues along the way. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Death of a Salesman by Arthur MillerRead MoreThe Death Of Dreams By F. Fitzgerald1385 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone may be reaching for is not what it seems. The American Dream is something that can be known as what it is for most people; a dream. In Scott F. Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, the main character, Jay Gatsby, throws huge parties in West Egg, New York, that many people from all over come to, in order to find his goal and to achieve his dream. Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby’s parties as a symbol of the corruption of the American Dream; the immoral actions, shallowness of the party guests, and impossibilityRead MoreThe Queer Reading Of Nick Gatsby1537 Wo rds   |  7 Pagesbit of evidence to support it, just as there is to support the queer reading of Nick. Gatsby is described by Nick, his tanned skin and short hair look as though it were trimmed every day (Fitzgerald 50). The short hair and the appearance of daily trimmings could definitely refer to the grooming habits of African American men. Gatsby s West Egg mansion is on more than 40 acres of lawn and garden (Fitzgerald 5), which is specifically interesting, because freed slaves were to be given 40 acresRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1278 Words   |  6 PagesToday, F. Scott Fitzgerald continues to stun audiences of all ages with his magically written novel about romance, money, and despair. Though The Great Gatsby was not very popular when it was first released it has made up for lost time and is now one of the greatest classics in American literature and being read in classrooms all across the United States. What actually denotes a book as a classic or great, though? In my opinion, a lot of it has to do with what a person needs at the time. AccordingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1239 Words   |  5 Pages– A Great Adaptation of The Great Gatsby Through Nick’s narration in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby’s possessive personality and his blind love for Daisy eventually lead to the failure of his American dream. When casting the movie of The Great Gatsby, Baz Luhramann may have changed some of the dialogue, but he does stay unflinchingly true to the spirit of the book and its morals, which I think is vastly more important. Thus, Baz Luhramann’s film is a successful adaptation to F. Scott

Business Communication Elsevier Health Sciences

Question: Describe about the Business Communication for Elsevier Health Sciences. Answer: Introduction The importance of staff training in an organization cannot be overstated. In a highly competitive market, it is absolutely important for any organization to keep on enhancing the professional skills of its employees, so as to improve the efficiency, productivity as well as the morale of the employees. Fatnemup Pty Ltd, is one of the emerging organizations of Australia, dealing with the production of the infant formula. It has been observed that there is a large need of improving the quality of the service rendered by the employees of the organization. Hence, to help the organization sustain in a competitive market, the staff training has become a crucial factor. It has been observed that the way the employees of Fatnemup Pty Ltd interact and even execute their tasks, it is not well-aligned with the strategy of the organization. Hence, for the purpose of the organizational development, the organization is required to adopt the implementation of the staff training methods (Elnaga Imra n, 2013). Discussion Staff training can be provided over a variety of fields, and each one is crucially important for the growth of an organization. However, it is to be remembered that Fatnemup Pty Ltd is an emerging organization, and hence it does not have the sufficient budget to finance the staffs in every field, and so the organization is required to choose discreetly two areas, that deserve the greatest attention (Anitha, 2014). Findings on the Two Fields that Require Training The competence in oral communication plays an important role in any organization, as it is only with the help of communication, does a person exchange his ideas or explain his perspectives clearly. Assertive style of communication plays an integral role in an organization, when the employees are to deal with the colleagues, or the subordinates. It becomes even more important when the employees are required to interact with the consumers, as a single instance of aggressive remark, or indifferent attitude towards the consumer, can lead to the loss of a consumer (Nielsen Randall, 2012). Hence, the development of communication skills is highly important. However, the employees responsible for rendering consumer service at Fatnemup Pty Ltd are unable to communicate effectively with the employees, and thereby solve their queries or doubts. It has been noted that a few consumers have expressed their dissatisfaction over the ineffectiveness of communication skills possessed by the employees of Fatnemup Pty Ltd, and hence the organization must offer training that will help the employees enhance their communication skills (Arnold Boggs, 2015). Team work is important for any organization, as it helps in promoting a sense of unity, reliability and bond among the members of the organization. Each employee must be well-aware of the mission of the organization, as well as the strategy needed to be adopted for the accomplishment of the same. However, it has been noted that the employees at Fatnemup Pty Ltd lack the bond to interact with each other. Further, a few employees were also reported to be driven by selfish motives and interests, whereby they refuse to approach a problem in an integrated way. Hence, training programs have to be introduced for training the employees to build social skills, and thereby create a sense of unity (Tee et al., 2013). Justification for choosing the two areas There is no gain stating the fact that sloppy and ineffective style of communication leaves a very negative impression in the minds of the consumers. The consumer service of Fatnemup Pty Ltd is meant to satisfy the doubts or the queries of the consumers. However, it has been observed that the employees are unable to understand the needs of the consumers, and offer a prompt reply while responding to the same. Further, a few consumers have even complained that the customer service executives are unable to handle the negative feedback of the consumers. However, communication paves the way for building a stronger relation between the consumers and the organization, and is a means of increasing the sales of the organization. Further, the listening skills are also required in the process of communication, and it is even all the more important while interacting with a consumer, who wants his message to be reached out to the other end. Hence, enhancing and nurturing the communication skills of the employees is absolutely imperative. The employees require to be trained so as to make them aware of the negative consequence of the Passive Aggressive style of communication, and the importance of employing positive language, and polite behavior while interacting with the consumers (lawlor et al., 2014). Great teamwork helps in not only bringing organizational success, but also fetches personal satisfaction to the employees, by creating impressive work culture. This is the reason as to why, even large organizations such as Google and Microsoft are taking up steps to ensure that they just do not create teams, but create supportive teamwork. Peter Drucker, in his book, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, and Practices, claims that great teamwork and internal bonding among the members of the organization, helps in better reception of new ideas, and newer ways of executing tasks (Barach Cosman, 2015). The team members of the present organization do not share a good relation, and as such some of them are too pre-occupied with their selfish, mischievous acts that are largely harming the output of the organization Further, the team leaders in a few teams are inefficient, either too arrogant to persuade the employees, or too submissive to be seriously taken by the subordinates. Hence, Druc ker maintains that the team leader must get everyone to pull together, communicate the daily goals of each day and finally motivate the employees to accomplish the same (Drew Thomas, 2013). Method of implementation and Recommendations Fatnemup Pty Ltd will have to introduce training programs that will help in developing the communication skills of the employees. Each of the employees should be trained to adopt the right kind of communication style that is Assertive style of communication in most of the cases. The organization should arrange seminars and workshops that can help in improving the communication skills (Bergener et al., 2013). The participation in the training programs must be made mandatory for each of the employees of the organization. It has been observed that incentive and appraisal can help in a considerable way, in improving the efficiency of the employees. Hence, Fatnemup Pty Ltd should announce an appraisal program, whereby the customer service executive with the most effective communication skills will be rewarded with additional incentives. However, the employee with the best communication skill will not be chosen by the organization, but his selection will be done based on the reviews of the consumers. While providing training to the employees, the employees should be trained with special attention to the importance of developing listening skills, and employing positive attitude, while interacting with a consumer (Hamstra et al., 2014). A robust work culture is only possible by nurturing the individual as well as the team spirit. Each team can perform well if the team leader is capable of articulating and explaining the importance of the daily goals, and aligning the same with the strategy of the organization. First of all, the team leader of each team must be trained in interpersonal communication skills that will help him in explaining the shared benefits of each task, as well as for motivating the employees (Salas Rosen, 2013). Apart from the training sessions, the organization is required to arrange multiple workshops that will help in group interaction. Those employees, who lack proper social skills, will get the opportunity of interacting with the team members. Such workshops emphasize group activities, which apart from being fun and interesting, also helps in creating team unity. Besides, Fatnemup Pty Ltd should arrange dinner parties, outings and other programs more often, so that the new team members get t o interact with the senior ones, while the team members succeed in understanding his subordinates in a better way. In addition, the senior employees of the organization should be asked to provide a weekly lecture on how the team leaders must learn to trust the team members, or how motivation or valuing the contribution of each player, plays an important role in increasing employee productivity and efficiency. Further, it is also useful as it helps in employee retention. Money cannot motivate or inspire an employee, but true recognition can help (Tabassi et al., 2012). Conclusion The importance of training the employees cannot be overemphasized. Fatnemup Pty Ltd is an emerging organization, and hence it may dismiss the idea of spending an enormous amount of money for the purpose of training the employees. However, it should be remembered that training the staffs may prove expensive in the short run, however, it is going to be beneficial in the long run. Every large organization invests a huge amount of money for arranging staff training programs. Training the employees helps to save cost, time, money and materials, and it will not only help in increasing employee satisfaction but will also help Fatnemup Pty Ltd enjoy organizational success. Reference List: Anitha, J., (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Barach, P.R. and Cosman, P.H., (2015). Teams, Team Training, and the Role of Simulation. InPediatric and Congenital Cardiac Care(pp. 69-90). Springer London. Bergener, K., vom Brocke, J., Hofmann, S., Stein, A., vom Brocke, C. (2013). On the importance of agile communication skills in BPM education: Design principles for international seminars.Knowledge Management E-Learning: An International Journal (KMEL),4(4), 415-434. Drew, S., Coulsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Thomas, C. (2013). Transformation through teamwork: the path to the new organization?.Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Elnaga, A. and Imran, A., (2013). The effect of training on employee performance.European Journal of Business and Management,5(4), pp.137-147. Hamstra, S.J., Brydges, R., Hatala, R., Zendejas, B. and Cook, D.A., (2014). Reconsidering fidelity in simulation-based training.Academic Medicine,89(3), pp.387-392. Lawlor, B., Farrell, A., Jordan, A., Strawbridge, J., Brabazon, D., Casey, K. and Coughlan, A., (2014). Interdisciplinary Communication Skills-Facilitating Students from Different Disciplines to Learn with, from and about each other. Nielsen, K. and Randall, R., (2012). The importance of employee participation and perceptions of changes in procedures in a teamworking intervention.Work Stress,26(2), pp.91-111. Salas, E. and Rosen, M.A., (2013). Building high reliability teams: progress and some reflections on teamwork training.BMJ quality safety,22(5), pp.369-373. Tabassi, A.A., Ramli, M. and Bakar, A.H.A., (2012). Effects of training and motivation practices on teamwork improvement and task efficiency: The case of construction firms.International Journal of Project Management,30(2), pp.213-224. Tee, K.K., Tiong, H.G., Chong, C.W. and Ng, S.I., (2013). Fight or flight: the importance of team work, leadership and human governance.Asian Journal of Case Research,6(2), pp.63-72.

Monday, April 20, 2020

Venezuelan Immigration Essays - Ethnic Groups In Latin America

Venezuelan Immigration How did independence politically affect the Creole class in Venezuela? I. Venezuelan independence split the Creole class into two political factions, liberals, and conservatives. In addition, independence motivated many Creoles to remove themselves from politics and pass their power to local caudillos, or soldiers. (Williamson 233-234) (Greene 105-106) A. During Venezuelans independence movement, opposing viewpoints of two of the colonies most influential revolutionary leaders sparked disagreements within the Creole class. 1. Simon Bolivar sought to completely liberate Venezuela and the rest of South America from monarchy. He also wanted more social classes in Venezuela to participate in politics. 2. San Martin believed Venezuela should break away from Spain, however, he advocated a different governmental structure after independence, then that of Simon Bolivar. a) Thought that a European monarch was needed in Venezuela in order to maintain stability and power over the lower classes. 3. During the Venezuelan independence movement, both parties maintained their general opinions of a post-independent government. They modified their ideas only slightly. a) Both parties also gathered a group of supporters who held to their views steadfast. B. After independence, the political disagreements between Bolivar and Miranda became stronger and more apparent. 1. After independence, Venezuelas revolutionary leaders slowly removed themselves from politics. However, their supporters continued to defend their political views. 2. The opposing groups soon formed informal political parties that divided the Creole class into conservatives and liberals. The political ideas of these groups contrasted greatly. a) Conservatives sought to rebuild as much of the old order as possible so as to secure their authority over the lower classes (Williamson 234) b) Liberals desired to create a modern liberal state without prejudice to any of its citizens (Williamson 235) C. Independence caused many Creole citizens and revolutionary leaders to remove themselves from politics. 1. The violent independence movements in Venezuela had repelled many Creoles from politics in general. a) Discussed or now uninterested in politics, many Creoles returned to their haciendas to continue their lives as landowners. b) Lives as landowners, and not politicians, offered Creoles the ability to focus on themselves without worrying about the needs and wants of a nation. c) Simon Bolivar, the most famous revolutionary in Venezuela, removed himself from politics a few years before his death of tuberculosis. He felt the quarreling between Creoles signified that he had failed as a political leader. 2. Creoles transferred their political power to the caudillos, or the soldiers in Venezuela. a) Independence ultimately resulted in a loss of political power in the Creole class. Why did the Indians in Venezuela become more poverty-stricken after independence? I. The Indians of Venezuela became more poverty-stricken after independence because of increased economic demand in the late 1850s. Therefore, the caste system of the Venezuela was abolished in order to exploit the Indians more intensely. (Williamson 244-245) A. Before colonial independence, the caste system of Venezuelan colony allowed the Creoles to continually exploit the Indians to benefit themselves. 1. Within the class system, the Creoles created a separate social group to control the labor of the Indians a) The Republic of the Indians served as a special economic recourse for the Creoles b) Wealth generated by this republic was used to fund the economic needs of the Creoles. (1) The economic exploitation of the Indians remained constant before and during the independence movement. B. After independence Creole demands on Indian labor receded. 1. Venezuelas economy started to stabilize itself. a) Venezuela benefited from increased trade with other nations, especially those of Europe. b) The Creoles could gain wealth to support their economic needs from the expanded trade with European nations. (1) European nations offered competitive prices in Venezuela. C. In the late 1850s, economic demand on Indians increased. This caused them to lose their land and be forced into greater exploitation. 1. The 1850s in Venezuela brought about new discussions of social reforms within the country. a) From these discussions, liberals in the country decided that Venezuelan society should be reformed so all citizens contribute equally to the country. b) The Creoles in Venezuela took advantage of this decision. They sought to use the social reforms to greatly exploit the Indians of the country. (1) With the destruction of the Republic of the Indians, natives could be made to support society to the greatest extent by increased labor. (a) The private lands of the Republic of the Indians would also be divided