In-Depth Look at Viaggio in Ponente written by Domenico Laffi Essay exa

An In-Depth Look at Viaggio in Ponente written by Domenico Laffi Many of the gaps in the historical record of human civilization have been filled in by journals written by people about the events surrounding them. Such journals give a unique view into the life of an everyday person even in the most extreme of circumstances. An example of this is the log kept by Domenico Laffi, which he wrote as a travel guide for other pilgrims in the seventeenth century. Among the common events of river crossings and wells tucked away on high mountain peaks, Laffi writes a detailed description of cities, holy rights and the scientific and technological works he encounters during his travels. Laffi's record of his travels is very important to the understanding of how pilgrims themselves were the main means of information exchange at a time when most cities were isolated from one another. In order to put Laffi's experiences into perspective one must understand a bit about the man. Laffi was a priest in Bologna, Italy. Laffi never had his own parish, instead his passion was for traveling and he made the pilgrimage from Italy to Santiago de Compostela, Spain three times in his life. In addition to these journeys, he also made pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Lisbon. In his journal it is quickly apparent that his status as a priest gives him great advantages in education as well as the way in which he was treated, over his fellow pilgrims. An example of how differently he was treated occurs when Laffi and his companion join up with another pilgrim known only as "the Roman." The Roman is a more ordinary sort of pilgrim and must often stay in hostels with little food while Laffi and companion are entertained by Lords, Canons and other such nobility. Wh... ...oo went on pilgrimage. Laffi's journal is important both in the context of his time as well as in the context of our own. He relates his travels as a guide to his fellow pilgrims, but the guide is also rich with information that the average person of his time did not have access to. His guide is an important source of information to modern historians in recreating the past from a more personal as well as a more scientific point of view. Laffi's journal truly demonstrates how a person can become information just as a signpost becomes the information written upon it. Notes 1. A Braccio was a unit of measure usually equaling 55cm. Works Cited Laffi, Domenico. A Journey West; The Diary of a Seventeenth-Century Pilgrim from Bologna to Santiago de Compostela. Trans. James Hall. Leiden, The Netherlands: Primavera Pers. 1997. Trans. of Viaggio in Ponente.

Hr Project of Descon Rngineering Company

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PREVAILING IN DESCON ENGINEERING COMPANY [pic] SUBMITED TO: Ghulam Hussain (LECTURER) SUBMITED BY: Muhammad Sami ciitswlfa09-MBA-017 Iram Sabirciitswlfa09-MBA-039 Shumaila Aslamciitswlfa09-MBA-051 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, SAHIWAL. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, we are thankful to GOD WHO makes us capable to gain knowledge and after that we would like to say thanks to parents who brought us up and made us able to face challenges of this dynamic environment. We also thank to MR. Ghulam Hussain who guides us in developing this project. The main purpose of this project is to enhance our skills. The project was about Human Resource Practices at Descon Engineering Company. We went to the Head Office of Descon Engineering Company at Lahore meet with Irfan Usmani (HRD Executive) and Ammar Khan (HRD Assistant Executive). They have cooperated a lot with us. After that we become capable to present this project in front of you. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY Descon is the one of the leading company in project based business to business market in Pakistan. This summery is all about the Human Resource Department of Descon Engineering Company. We will discuss about the introduction of Descon in first chapter. The second chapter will tell us about the structure of HR Department in Descon. The third chapter shows planning and job analyzing steps in the department. The fourth chapter will help us to know about selection and recruitment of procedures. The fifth chapter is all about training and Development through implementation and Evaluation. Sixth chapter will creates a knowledge how Descon conduct its Performance Appraisal System. The second last chapter defines the compensation management. And the last chapter explains how this department handles the disputes and procurement procedures. DEDICATION: We dedicate this project to our Parents, sweet cousins and friends.

Stress Management Plan - 1516 Words

Stress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managed. The simple realization that you are in control of your life is the foundation of stress management. Managing stress is all about taking charge of your thoughts, emotions, schedules, and the way you deal with problems. Stress is not always†¦show more content†¦The 20 minutes’ walk did not reduce my work load, but increased the working efficiency. Therefore I can do the work faster with a higher quality, and reduce my stress level at the same time. Rest and Sleep How we feel during the waking hours hinges greatly on how well we sleep. A good nights sleep makes us able to tackle the days stress more easily. When we get tired, we are less patient and more easily agitated, which can increase stress levels. Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Lacking sleep is not only bad for health, but increases stress levels and lowers daily working efficiency. Sleep schedule, bedtime habits, and day-to-day lifestyle choices can make an enormous difference to the quality of nightly rest. To be productive, mentally sharp, emotionally balanced, and full of energy during the day, it’s essential to get a good night’s sleep and rest. For my personal experience, I do not have sleeping troubles, but suffer more from staying up late and lacking sleep. When I have studying or work left from the day, I tend to stay up late instead of waking up early to get the work done on the next day. Usually after finishing the work, my body already is exhausted, and I fall asleep in just one minute. However, lacking sleep makes me feel very tired the next day, and this effect lasts for the whole day. Sometimes I feel my body woke up, but my brain did not. This definitely lowered my work efficiency, and increased myShow MoreRelatedStress Management Plan1776 Words   |  8 Pages1 Stress Management Plan 2 Living a stress-free life is not a reasonable goal. The goal is to deal with life actively and effectively. I believe I have more control over myself than I believe I do. The simple realization that I am in control of my life is the foundation of stress management. I believe that managing stress consists of taking charge of my thoughts, emotions, schedule, and the way I deal with problems. Stress management starts with identifying the sourcesRead MoreStress Management Action Plan1332 Words   |  6 PagesStress Management Action Plan - The Four Things You Can Learn in Order to Control Your Stress Some years ago I was faced with some very challenging financial situations. The extent of my challenge was such that I was incapacitated with stress. For those of you in this state you will know what I mean. I had the constant tightening of the stomach that very frequently turned to churning in response to many simple events that occurred in my day to day life. This was exasperated by my inability to breatheRead MoreA Comprehensive Stress Management Plan Based On The Following2066 Words   |  9 PagesDevelop a comprehensive stress management plan based on the following: a) Identify four major ongoing stressors in your life. For each stressor, describe why it is a stressor for you. You need to discuss a variety of areas such as personality, lifestyle, self-talk, and/or beliefs. b) For each of your four stressors describe how you know when you are stressed. What specific indicators or symptoms do you use to determine that you are under stress? Your indicators of stress may be physical symptomsRead MoreMy Personal Holistic Stress Management Strategy Plan2175 Words   |  9 PagesMy Personal Holistic Stress Management Strategy Plan As a former Army Soldier, I know that life is full of stress and stressors that can have an impact on my life. In fact, I believe as a Soldier, you can have an additional form of stress known as combat stress that can produce long term effects to your health and well-being. I retired from the Army in 2009 after deploying six times to various combat zones and dealt with other stressors that you have in the Army. I believe that I have someRead MoreApplying A Stress Management Schedule1529 Words   |  7 Pages With the intention of managing stress, I decided to implement a stress management schedule, which I would continually develop, over the course of 11 weeks. With a focus on yoga, I hoped to gain an important insight on the valuable implications that proper stress management can have in my life. Improving my physical and emotional health can not only positively affect my own self, but also can positively affect the way I manage my own work life and relationships with others. Since being in collegeRead MoreStress Management : My Area Of Weakness1639 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management: My Area of Weakness My father calls me â€Å"Alka-Seltzer† because I am like its effervescent flow. I overreact to simple things such as dropping a tablespoon on the floor or even listening to the tic tac sound of the clock. My temper is always at its highest and I expect perfection in everything pursue in addition to getting out of control when things do not result according to my expectations. Similarly, my husband compares me to squirrels because they are always hyper and nervousRead MoreStress Management Reflection Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesAfter learning about stress in this class my understanding is that, stress symptoms may be affecting your health, even though you might not realize it. You may think illness is to blame for that nagging headache, your frequent forgetfulness or your decreased productivity at work. But sometimes stress is to blame. Indeed, stress symptoms can affect your body, your thoughts and feelings, and your behavior. There is a long list of serious health proble ms that may develop due to stress. Some include depressionRead MoreStress Lesson Pl The Stress Reduction Technique Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesSPH-H180- Stress Management- Lesson Plan Name: (Last, First)_Yuchan Hu__ Fill out your lesson plan and PRINT. You will hand-deliver to me on 12/1. 1. What stress reduction technique did you choose to teach someone else? I chose the time management as the stress reduction technique to teach my roommate. 2. Why did you choose this topic? I chose this topic because I know that my roommate is a student who is confused by her procrastination. She often postpones complete learning tasks althoughRead MoreEssay about Personal Challenges1053 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges. For each challenge, describe time and stress management techniques along with personal development resources that may help a nurse overcome these challenges. |Personal Challenge |Time Management Technique |Stress Management Technique |Personal Development Resources | |Example: Balancing work and family |Use a calendar or organizer to plan my |Take regular family vacations. Read MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Stress On College Students1412 Words   |  6 PagesStress is a word that many college students hear on a daily basis; it is a concept that resonates with all students, regardless of age or major. People of all ages experience stress at various times in their lives, but college is a particular time when an individual can be plagued by heightened levels of it. At any given time, a college student might feel academic, financial, and social strains, yet they might not possess the resources to satisfy the demands of these stressors. Accumulation of these

Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon Essay

Analysis of Toni Morrison’s Song Of Solomon When someone looks up at a bird they see something soaring through the sky free from the world’s troubles. Through out man’s history they have been trying to find a way to be as free as birds and learn to fly. Unfortunately it has been an unsuccessful feat for man to accomplish. Although man has never really been able to fly on their own, they are able to fly with the help from a little machinery and ingenuity. Macon Dead Jr, or milkman, the nickname he adopted because he nursed from his mother, the protagonist of Song Of Solomon by Toni Morrison, had been trying to fly all of his life. But until he discovers his family’s history and his self-identity he unable to discover the secret that has†¦show more content†¦Milkman craves to find out where he really fits in the world and find himself. By him getting rid of his burdens he believes that he will be able. Thus through his venture to learn to fly he learns a lot more about himself and the world in gener al. Family has an affect on everyone, no matter how they feel towards them, or even if they don’t want them to. In Milkman’s case family helps him to finally realize who he is and help’s him find out how to be free as a bird, and learn to fly. While in Sharlimar Milkman discovers that one of his forefathers, Solomon, flew back to Africa and tried to take Jake, Milkman’s grandfather, with him, but dropped him. Solomon was a Slave and like milkman felt he couldn’t survive without his rightful freedom. In order to get this freedom he flies back to Africa, his homeland. Milkman is a lot like his forefather, Solomon, in the since that he was looking for freedom, and just wanted to go where he felt he belonged. Both men are willing to leave everyone behind, including the women who love them, to find this freedom. By them not being free, they are unable to find themselves, or their true place in the world. Although Milkman doesn’t realize it until the e nd, his familyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Milkman In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1606 Words   |  7 Pages In Chapter 12 of Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, Milkman makes an offhand comment on the children playing the game depicting his family’s history, reporting: â€Å"The boy in the middle†¦ (it seemed always to be a boy) spun around with his eyes closed†¦ pointing† (Morrison 299). Like the boy at the center of the circle, Milkman blindly points his attention and â€Å"hog’s gut† in the direction of the women around him, causing them nothing but pain (216). His behavior is symptomatic of the possessive masculinityRead MoreEssay on Themes in Song Of Solomon2113 Words   |  9 PagesToni Morrison is one of the most talented and successful African-American authors of our time. Famous for works such as The Bluest Eye, Sula, and Beloved, Morrison has cultivated large audiences of all ethnicities and social classes with her creative sty le of writing. It is not Morrison’s talent of creating new stories that attracts her fans. In contrast, it is her talent of revising and modernizing traditional Biblical and mythological stories that have been present in literature for centuries.Read More Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon1579 Words   |  7 PagesTheme of Flight in Song of Solomon    Clearly, the significant silences and the stunning absences throughout Morrisons texts become profoundly political as well as stylistically crucial. Morrison describes her own work as containing holes and spaces so the reader can come into it (Tate 125), testament to her rejection of theories that privilege j the author over the reader. Morrison disdains such hierarchies in which the reader as participant in the text is ignored: My writing expects, demandsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to support their family, while her mother worked as a domestic worker. Toni lived in an integrated neighborhood. Howeve r, she did not become awareRead MoreBiblical Names In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1574 Words   |  7 Pagesnames in the world, and they are all biblical names. Names from the Bible are also found in many works of literature, like Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a coming of age story about a young man during the mid twentieth century. The reader is introduced to multiple characters with biblical names, which correspond to the characters’ personalities. In the book Song of Solomon, the characters take on the role of their biblical names. Reba, Milkman’s mother, can most closely be associated with RebeccaRead More A Comparison of Christian Symbols in Song of Solomon, Sula, and Beloved2397 Words   |  10 PagesAlthough religion does not exist as a central theme in Toni Morrison’s work, it does set premise for a richly intertwined web of symbolism. Morrison’s novels focus on the lives of characters acting in the present day or recent past. For African Americans, events of the past are a crucial facet of culture as they seek to remember their history, the most influential of these events reaching far back into the years of slavery. Historians argue that for incoming slaves, Christianity offered a religiousRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, andRead MoreSong Of Solomon Character Analysis1415 Words   |  6 Pages Song of Solomon Topic #5 LAP Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad 1 The names given to the characters in a book are in many cases the poetic insight to their role and their traits. In this manner, a character’s name can sometimes tell the reader more about them than any specific sentence in the book. This is very much the case with Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon. The characters in the book have names that directly correlate with their role and individual traits. This is the caseRead MoreSong of Solomon: Ruth and Macons Marriage1425 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Macon Dead II and Ruth’s Marriage and Relationship in Song Of Solomon The abandonment and betrayal of women has been seen throughout history and novels, including Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison. Morrison uses the relationship of Macon Dead II and Ruth to express this in her book. Morrison also expresses how women are to reliant on their men for support, she uses Pilate to show this. Macon Dead II and Ruth are married and the parents of Milkman, the protagonist of the novel. The novelRead MoreEssay on Lifelong Learner837 Words   |  4 Pagesquestioning, and thinking had led me without question to more: acceptance to college. Studying English and Anthropology allowed me to learn about worlds, both real and imagined. More importantly, Amherst helped me develop a stronger framework for analysis and emphasized the intersections of several fields of study. Some of my most memorable days while as an undergrad student were those when a tangential detail in one class connected to another in a subtle, but incredible way or when simply finishing

Nestle Operating in a Global Economy Essay examples

Nestle is a large company with over 150 years of history. The company deals with global production and competes around the world in an effort to achieve steady growth and profit. Competing in the global economy requires dealing with many challenges to meet production goals and market products to different cultures. Nestle also markets to third world countries that need nutritious food at a reasonable price. The company is a market leader in numerous product lines that have provided a solid foundation for sales and profit. Nestle has strong brand recognition that provides a competitive advantage to get into new markets and expand in existing markets. Operating in the global market means embracing numerous opportunities while†¦show more content†¦Acquiring raw material and product distribution were difficult during this time period, but the war also created a new demand for dairy products. The company purchased several factories in the United States and world production had more than doubled since 1914 (Nestle). As customers returned to fresh milk rather than condensed or powered milk, Nestle recorded its first loss and was impacted by the economic slowdown following the war. Management responded quickly by streamlining operations and reducing the company’s outstanding debt. They also expanded the production line and chocolate became the company’s second most important activity (Nestle). World War II also had a significant impact on the development of the company. Profits dropped from $20 million in 1938 to $6 million in 1939. Neutral Switzerland became increasingly isolated through the war in Europe and the company transferred many of its executives to Stamford, Connecticut (Nestle). Although initially hurt by the war, sales dramatically increased to support the war effort and sales more than doubled from 1938 to 1945. The company continued to mature through the remainder of the 20th century and expanded beyond its typical foo d product line. Nestle took the first step outside the food industry through a venture into cosmetics and an agreement with L’Oreal. Other acquisitions included iceShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Nestle1302 Words   |  6 PagesExternal Environment General Environment Overall, the general environment for Nestlà © is very good. Considered the world’s largest packaged food and beverage manufacturer in the world, Nestlà © operates in 12 different segments of the consumer products market, including baby foods, bottled water, cereals, candy, coffee, prepared and prepackaged foods, dairy, drinks, food service, healthcare and nutrition, ice cream and pet care. Its stable of brands includes some of the best-known names in the industryRead MoreUnilever V Nestle1235 Words   |  5 PagesToday we live in a global economy in which the time taken for people to move between continents has been significantly reduced and in which Internet and other connections make instant connections possible. Businesses and organisations now have to recognise that they now operate in a global market place and to develop appropriate strategies. A global strategy is an organisational plan that takes into account these new global realities. Both Nestle and Unilever have developed global distribution andRead MoreNestle - Global Strategy Case1650 Words   |  7 Pages1.What is the company’s strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets? Does this strategy make sense? From the NESTLE : GLOBAL STRATEGY case, it can be seen that Nestle generally operates worldwide with the strategy of customization rather than globalization. It moves into consumer markets by using Niche market strategy to become the market leader in each of the niches. It mainly focuses on European markets, which make up 70 percent of its sales. As mentioned, these markets areRead MoreNestle’s Sustainable Growth in Mature Market1512 Words   |  7 Pagessustainable growth in mature market The company establishment Nestle was first founded by Henri Neslte in the 1860s by developing and producing food products for babies who could not adapt mother’s milk. Following the success in baby food products, Henri incorporated with an Anglo-Swiss condensed milk company to develop dairy products, especially for government supply in World War I. High sensitive and quick responding to the demand of consumer, Nestle continued to create and develop new product mix to cannedRead MoreGlobalization And The Development Of Transnational Corporations977 Words   |  4 Pagestransnational corporations. Nestle exemplifies a transnational corporation established through globalisation, in both developed and developing countries, maximising resources and facilities to further the growth of the company. Globalisation has opened up borders between all continents. Transnational companies, such as Nestle, have thus required cheaper labour, to successfully obtain resources and remain competitive. Furthermore the ext ent to which transnational corporations like Nestlà © reach geographicallyRead MoreMarketing Development : Apple Diversification Strategy And Nestle As An Example Of Market Penetration Strategy1448 Words   |  6 PagesUsing this strategy, companies try to make effort on â€Å"customers in current segment but not currently served and customers in new segments† (Class Slides). In this project, we are going to analyze Apple as an example of diversification strategy and Nestle as an example of market penetration strategy. Apple Diversification Strategy Apple is a very well-known international corporation dealing with technological line projects. According to its annual report, Apple is head quartered in Cupertino, CaliforniaRead MoreNestle: Macro Environment and Micro Environment Analysis1003 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Nestle: Nestle in the Global Environment: Nestle operates in over 130 countries and in order to understand the business environment they operate in analysis on the external factors that lie outside the control of Nestle has to be conducted (Grant et al. 2011, 101). The tool tasked with conducting an external analysis of the macro environment is PEST while the external micro environment will be analysed with the help of Porters Five Forces. However it is worth mentioning that Nestle is notRead MoreNescafe Vision Mission Goal1652 Words   |  7 PagesNescafà ©Ã‚  is a brand of  instant coffee  made by  Nestlà ©. It comes in many different product forms. The name is a  portmanteau  of the words Nestlà © and cafà ©.  Nestlà ©s flagship powdered coffee product was introduced in  Switzerland  on April 1, 1938 after being developed for seven  or eight  years by  Max Morgenthaler  and Vernon Chapman. http://www.nescafe.com/coffee_history_en_com.axcms Background The dairy products at Nestlà © are a big driving force for the growth of the companys sales. With the healthRead MoreMarketing Strategy : A Competitive Advantage1712 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprises find them selves operating in a global market. A business must clearly understand the value added by its product or service to capitalize on their competitive advantage globally. It is useful to consider the internationalization-responsiveness (IR) framework when discussing the key differences between global, multidomestic and transnational strategies. (2) The framework compares the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy relative to the goal of global integration or local responsivenessRead MoreNestle Case Study1706 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Nestlà © Bends Under Activist Pressure Explanation of issues The articles have been focused on Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s performance for its different kinds of products that have been declined its target profits. Therefore, Nestle has set up a margin goal that will help the world’s largest food package company to regain its expecting profits. It is mentioned that, the company has slowed down its growth in the different marketplace in which some products need to improve its performance according to analysis

Love Conquers All Free Essays

Love conquers all, let us too surrender to love. † Love could be described as insanity and outrageous to those who know it or even despise it. Love conquers all. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Conquers All or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the obstacles be physical, which we cannot change ourselves, then our minds will mold as we see fit, even if it means going insane. Love conquers all because, being only one true love, it has no conditions. After getting a taste of love we will stray, only to come back for more, for it’s what our souls yearn for. Thus, conquering the obstacles and abilities Of life. Love conquers the views of society. During the Civil Rights Movement, the â€Å"Blacks† or African-American people were being discriminated in America and other countries, it became obvious to a lot of African-Americans that violence against violence was getting them no where. Blacks loved their families, friends, countries, and white people. They were going to stand up for their rights as humans, but to do this they had to make obvious what the whites were doing to the blacks. African-Americans let themselves be beat and murdered. They protested by not going to places they were allowed or/and ongoing to places they were ‘t allowed to go to. It took a while, and it still goes on today, but the labels and views of society have been ever so more lifted off their shoulders. Love conquers all, including time. In the movie Maleficent, the fairy whom had lost her wings to her childhood friend and romantic lover, had cursed his newborn baby girl as revenge. After taking care of the baby girl, Aurora, from a distance, Maleficent thought she hated this child. As the girl grew, Maleficent grew in her love for Aurora. Finally, when the curse had taken place, Maleficent knew what she had done long ago now affected her and she devastated by this. When all hope seemed lost, she herself had lifted the curse from Aurora because of her sincerity of repentance and love for Aurora. At first Maleficent had thought there was no such love without conditions, but even though it took a long period of time she still learned there was such a thing and became a happy fairy with her wings once again. Love conquers all, even the forces of nature and disease. Most of these may seem impossible to a lot of people. Jesus, the Son of God, had done lots of oracles. But He said, â€Å"Your faith has saved you. † Love comes with great faith in God. Jesus had died for our sins because of His great love for us and because he is Love. At the Last Supper a miracle occurred done by Jesus. He turned wine into His Blood and bread into His Body and said, â€Å"DO this in remembrance of me. † Thus, Catholics go to mass and relive this miracle of salvation. There have been times when the Blood or/and Body of Christ has been stolen and found in later years. When found, research had been done on the Blood or/and Body of Christ and concluded in astounding results. There was actual blood and body pieces still intact that described a tortured male just as Jesus had been tortured. There have been people who have prayed to God through the intersection of Mary by praying the Rosary. Catholics and Non-Catholics, have prayed for others who have had a disease, for example cancer, to be cured. Sometimes their prayers weren’t answered overnight or at all but these people had faith in God and dedicated themselves to the praying the Rosary. Their sincerity and faith took a toll and their prayers answered, the cancers cured, and as mom response from Mary, the people could smell roses eater their prayers had been answered or even if they weren’t answered. Love conquers all. Whether it be the views of society, time, the forces of nature, diseases, and-ourselves. But, we must understand that suffering is part of love as long as we roam this earth. All of us have tried to avoid suffering. Has it not become obvious that our love is strongest at what seems the most difficult times? God refines us like silver in the fire Of our sufferings. Fall in love with God and love will truly conquer all. How to cite Love Conquers All, Papers

Potential Causes of Medication Errors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Potential Causes of Medication Errors. Answer: Introduction A medication error is a preventable event which may occur because of inappropriate use of medication while the medication is under the healthcare professional control. According to Blank (2011), the medication error is the commonly reported error in the emergency department with most of the mistakes happening during the administration phase manegement. The purpose of this study is to identify practices that may improve and reduce the dosage administration errors that occur and may lead to adverse effects on the patient (Flynn, 2012). The study took three months where 75% out of the 127 nurses participated in the research, and the method that got used in the study was educational intervention. On the other hand, the Do not Interrupt approach to medication refers to the interrupts that occur when nurses are administrating medication. The study took eight weeks where 227 nurses participated in the study, and they administered 4781 medications. Therefore, the Back to Basic and Do not Int errupt approaches to medication are directly related because when interruption of the nurse occurs when she is administering medicine, this may lead to a medication error. The purpose of the Back to Basic approach study is to reduce the medication administration errors that occur often in the emergency department. Medication errors can get classified into different categories which include action-based slips, knowledge-based mistakes and memory based lapses. On this study, the Back to Basics' study involved an examination of 95 nurses based on their knowledge on medication administration procedures, the reflection of their behaviors towards recommended medication practices and their medication administration errors. The study was conducted in three months by assessment through tests, surveys and observations on the nurses' chart reviews and voluntary error reports (Blank, 2011). In the Back to Basics approach to medication, the pre-test conducted reported that 69% of the nurses achieved perfect scores while 91% achieved perfect scores in the post-test. In the post-survey, the clinicians in their specific proportions said they followed the recommended p ractice most of the time which increased in 8 of the ten survey questions. The results, however, showed that there was no significant change from the survey conducted (Blank, 2011). Moreover, the review of charts revealed little difference in total medication errors (25% and 24% respectively). It, therefore, means that the nurses scored 299 during the pre-test and 295 during the post-test. During the voluntarily reported medication errors dropped from 1.28 to 0.99 per 1000 patients (blank, 2011). Critique of the Back to Basic Approach to Medication The sample size used for the research was sufficient because majority of the nurses participated in the study where 75% out of 127 nurses participated. The time taken for the study was sufficient because it took 3 months to get the results of the study. Educational intervention got used as the dependent method for the study since it provides nurses with the required knowledge of the medication administration practices. The method of education is however not sufficient in delivering the change necessary in medication administration practices. Hence, the survey and the chart review are classified as the internal validity of the study because they provide the required emphasis that are made by the research management. Furthermore, External validity is the general method that got used for the whole study which is the educational intervention (Blank, 2011). On the other hand, the aim of the Do not Interrupt study was to divert interruptions, educate clinicians and patients and to give reminders regularly and reduce the number of interrupts that happen when nurses are administering medication. This particular study was carried out in a major teaching hospital in Adelaide (Australia) where four random wards were selected to take part in the study while the control wards got blinded in the intervention. Furthermore, the period chosen for the study was two months (8weeks), and the methods used for this approach were administering vests to the clinicians, the general survey of the participating nurses and giving educational lessons to the patient and nurses (Westbrook, 2017). After the elapse of the study period, the Do not Interrupt approach yielded that 227 nurses were administering 4781 medications. The nurses experienced 57 interruptions per 100 medication administrations, whereby 89.7% were unrelated to the task at hand (Westbrook, 2017 ). The four wards experienced a significant reduction in non-medication related interruptions from 50 interruptions per 100 medication administrations to 34 disruptions per 100 medication administrations. Despite the decrease in interruptions, the post-study survey results stated that the intervention ward nurses found the vests to be time consuming and bulky; therefore only 48% seconded the idea becoming hospital policy (Westbrook, 2017). The sample size of the research was sufficient because it comprised of 227 nurses who were able to administer 4781 medications during the eight weeks of the research. Furthermore, the time taken for the research was enough because it took 2 months for the study to get completed. One can identify the internal validity of the study as the use of vests during medication administration, the putting of strategic measures aimed at preventing interruptions and the education of nurses and patients. The external validity of the study was the randomization of four wards that were supposed to be used in the research. The method was however not seen as sufficient because only 48% of the nurses applauded it to become a hospital policy management (Westbrook, 2017). Comparison of the Two Approaches to Medication These two approaches of medication go hand in hand in that through the reduction of the number of interruptions during operations; medical personnel can focus solely on medication administration which eventually reduces the medication errors. According to Blank (2011), the Back to Basics approach improves the nurses knowledge of the recommended medication administration practices. Inadequate knowledge, incomplete information about clinical characteristics and the lack of previous patient records can result in prescribing inappropriate medications. For instance, some infants died to an overdose of heparin drugs due to the wrong labeling of the medicine and the bad packaging of the medicine which resulted to the medication error that caused the death of the infants (Anderson, 2010). Another example is when the clinician prescribes penicillin without having established whether the patient is allergic or not. This means that the Do not Interrupt approach of medication is the most signifi cant compared to the Back to Basic approach because it often happens before the medication error occurs. This means the dosage error must occur for the medication error to happen which is the Back to Basic error. Moreover, the insufficient nurse experience may lead to medication errors where the nurse does not know the required dosage for a specific drug and this may lead to wrong prescriptions that may be fatal to a patient. Therefore, when the nurse has adequate skill and experience in their particular fields such errors may be avoided because the nurse knows the required dosage a patient should take (Karavasiliadou, 2014). Furthermore, the lack of sufficient protocol regarding the arrival time of medicines to the hospital may lead to late medication administration (Karavasiliadou, 2014). Observations made indicate that the rate at which medication errors get reported as voluntary is low (Aronson, 2009). For instance, when a patient was to be given a dosage of a particular medicin e at nine in the morning, and the medication happens to arrive at eleven, it means that the dosage will happen more than two hours past the correct administration time. Though this may not have severe effects on the patient, the patient may still have minor effects due to the delay of their medication. According to Velo (2009), another factor that can lead to clinical issues is the poor legible handwriting by the nurse when prescribing medication to a patient. The nurse can use abbreviations and not write the required dosage information entirely. This shows that the prescription error must occur for the medication error to happen. This is significant in that the Do not Interrupt which is the prescription error often takes place before the Back to Basic approach happens. The Back to Basic approach is often stated as the medication error. From the article, the two approaches of medication have a relative contribution in the clinical issues that often occur because irregularity must ha ppen during medication administration so as for the medication error to occur. Therefore, the Do not Interrupt approach is the most significant approach to medication because it determines whether the medication error (Back to Basic approach) may take place. Hence, it is essential for the nurses to get regular updates regarding the medication errors that occur within their facility so that they have an understanding of the best ways in which they can administer medication. According to Svitlica (2017), it is crucial when the nurses have an understanding of the errors that occur and the importance of reporting them in case they happen. From these two papers, we can conclude that improved education and improved working conditions may help in reducing the risk of medication errors. References Anderson, P., Townsend, T., CCRN-CMC, C. B. (2010). Medication errors.American Nurse Today, 23-27. Aronson,J.K. (2009) Medication errors: what they are, how they happen, and how to avoid them. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 102, Issue 8, 1 August 2009, Pages 513-521,https;//doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcpo52 Blank,F.S.J.,Tobin,J.,Macomber,S.,Jaouen,M.,Dinoia,M.,Visintainer,P.(2011).A Back to Basics Approach to Reduce ED Medication Errors. JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(2), 141-147.doi:10.1016/j.jen.2009.11.026 Flynn, L., Liang, Y., Dickson, G. L., Xie, M., Suh, D. C. (2012). Nurses practice environments, error interception practices, and inpatient medication errors.Journal of Nursing Scholarship,44(2), 180-186. Karavasiliadou, S., Athanasakis, E. (2014). An inside look into the factors contributing to medication errors in the clinical nursing practice.Health science journal,8(1). Svitlica, B. B., Simin, D., Milutinovi?, D. (2017). Potential causes of medication errors: perceptions of Serbian nurses.International nursing review,64(3), 421-427. Westbrook,J.I.,Ling,L.,Hopper,T.D.,Raban,M.Z.,Middleton,S.,Lehnbom.E.C.(2017).Effectiveness of a Do not interrupt hundled intervention to reduce interruptions during medication administration: a cluster randomized controlled feasibility study Velo G.P, Minuz,P. (2009) -British journey of clinical pharmacology, Medication errors: Prescribing faults and prescription errors. Academic Emergency Medicine 7(11), 1239-1243, 2000